BCBR Assignment 1 Welcome to your %BCBR Assignment 1% Which of the following areas can be included in health research? i. Improving the health of the population. ii. Predicting progression of a disease in a patient iii. Prevention of various diseases iv. To explore various societal, community based and programmatic interventions for disease prevention and control i and ii i, ii and iv All of the above None of the above What is appropriate for sample and sample size? Should be representative of the population [External validity or generalizability] Should be adequate [power to draw meaningful inferences] Both 'a' and 'b' Neither 'a' nor 'b' Which of the following statements are correct regarding defining inclusion and exclusion criteria in a study protocol? They should be vague because this will allow greater and easy enrolment They should be very specific They should be very large in number It is not important to define exclusion criteria in a clinical trial Which of the following are examined as part of regulatory review? Information regarding transfer of funds and utilization of funds Shipment of samples and transfer of data outside the country Sharing and protection of intellectual property All of the above Which of the following statements is not true in case of pilot study? They are conducted for developing and testing adequacy of research instruments They establish whether the sampling frame and technique are effective Ethics committee approves the main study only after successful completion of the pilot study They are small scale studies Before initiating a study involving primary data collection, the Principal Investigator must ensure that various approvals are obtained. Which of the following approvals is absolutely mandatory? Scientific committee approval Ethics committee approval Technical committee approval Regulatory authority approval Which is the best source of information on 'effect modifiers' while exploring cause and effect relationship in a research study? Deductive thinking Thorough review of literature Intelligent guessing Discussing with experienced researchers The policy makers want to know whether introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the national program is resulting in reduction in the number of Hemophilus influenza cases. Which of the following studies will they have to conduct to find an answer? Case-control study Field trial Ecological study Case series What is true about Confounders? They affect both study variable as well as outcome Their effect can be minimized by proper study design and through stratified analysis Both 'a' and 'b' None of the above Which of the following is not a type of study design? Qualitative study Observational study Retrospective study Pilot study Any systematic error in the design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in an erroneous estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease is called: Confounding Bias Interaction Stratification Which of the following is not part of ethics review of a project? Informed consent document and procedure Competence of researcher and institute conducting research Sharing and protection of intellectual property Care and support during and after completion of research A study was conducted to assess the extrapyramidal side effects of a new antipsychotic drug in patients with schizophrenia. Many of these patients were smokers and some of them were on anticholinergic drugs. What was the role of the anticholinergic drugs in this study? Confounder Random Variable Effect Modifier Independent Variable Before initiating a study involving primary data collection, the Principal Investigator must ensure that various approvals are obtained. Which of the following approvals is absolutely mandatory? Scientific committee approval Ethics committee approval Technical committee approval Regulatory authority approval The policy makers want to know whether introduction of a new rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programme is resulting in reduction of morbidity and mortality from rotavirus disease. Which of the following studies will they have to conduct to find an answer? Case-control study Ecological study Field randomized trial Case-series What effect does increasing the sample size have upon the random error? It increases the random error No effect on random error It decreases the random error None of the above Which of the following will best describe the scientific inquiry that seeks to understand the acceptability and functionality of a health program? Basic science research Translational research Clinical research Implementation research The following statements describe confounding and effect modification. Which of the statement is/are correct? In a study of relationship between coffee drinking and Oro-pharyngeal cancer; smoking is a confounder. In a study to explore relationship between hepatitis B infection and post-infection hepatic sequelae, habit of alcohol drinking acts as an effect modifier and patients with this habit may be excluded from the study ‘a’ and ‘b’ Correct ‘a’ and ‘b’ Wrong Issues regarding shipment of samples and transfer of data outside the country are examined by: Regulatory review Ethic review Scientific review None Which of the following disciplines contribute to health research? Bio-medical research Biostatistics Social science research All of the above Which of the following best describes a study done in a laboratory setting using animals? Translational research Bench-based research Theoretical research Preventive research Which of the following review is NOT essential before initiating a clinical trial? Scientific review Peer review Regulatory review Ethics review Which of the following is NOT a type of study design? Qualitative study Observational study Retrospective study Translational study Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding errors in a health research? Random error is due to chance Systematic error is due to bias Random errors can be eliminated by improving study design Bias distorts the study results in one direction State whether true or false. Assigning roles and responsibilities to the team members is one of the fundamental principles of a research True False Health research is usually focused on which of the following areas Estimation of disease burden in a population Prevention of common diseases in the community Evaluation of public health programs All the above Which of the following is NOT a component of a research study Setting up the institute scientific committee Calculating sample size Development of a study tool Framing the research question Which of the following is an element of life cycle of research? Identify data needs and spell out the research question Formulate the objective and design the study Draw conclusion and give recommendation to stakeholders All of the above Which of the following verbs is preferably used in the statement of objectives of an analytical research study? Estimate Determine Study Describe Source(s) of research question is/are Published literature Being alert to new ideas Careful observation and teaching All of the above Which of the following is stated mainly for statistical purpose? Research question Objectives Research hypothesis All of the above If your objective is to estimate the prevalence of a health problem in a community in 2019, Identify the type of research question this study is addressing Analytical research question Descriptive research question Hypothetical research question Experimental research question What is the first step in the life cycle of research? Spell out the research question Formulate the objective of the study Identify the data needs Choose the study design A clear research question facilitates to do the following Choose the most optimal design Identify who should be included as study population Specify the outcomes that should be measured All of the above Which of the following statements is incorrect? A good research question should be Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical and Relevant A good research question should be in epidemiological terms A good research question facilitates to choose optimal design A good research question will focus on one issue The verb "estimate" is used in the objective of analytical research studies True False The process of refining the "ideas" into research questions begins with general uncertainty about a health issue and narrow down to a specific, concrete researchable issue True False Which of the following statement is incorrect about a good research question? Research question should advance scientific knowledge, improve practice, influence policy Research question should be approved by the ethics committee Research question should confirms, refutes or extends previous findings Feasibility should not be a criterion while developing research question The ability to apply the principles of analysis to identify those studies which are unbiased and valid is called as Critical appraisal Information seeking Information management Systematic Review Fill in the blank; __________ is a collection of articles, abstracts, scientific proceedings, books, citations etc. that is organized so that it can easily be accessed while doing literature review Database Critical appraisal Hard disk Index Why should we need to do a literature review? Save yourself from work Know the subject matter better Suggest new research topics, questions and methods All of the above The process of scanning the literature efficiently using manual or computerized methods to identify a set of potentially useful articles and books is called as Information seeking Critical appraisal Database management Information retrieval In the Boolean search strategy AND tells that database that you want records that contain all the words you specify True False Which of the following must be considered while measuring occurrence of a disease? The number of people affected by the disease The population size from which the cases of disease arise The length of the time the population is followed All of the above Fill in the blank; __________ is most useful for evaluating the impact of prevention programme Point prevalence Period prevalence Case fatality Incidence Which one of the following statements is true? High cure rate can increase the prevalence of a disease Low case fatality can reduce the prevalence of a disease Both 'a' and 'b' are true High cure rate and high case fatality can reduce the prevalence of a disease Measures of disease frequency Incidence Prevalence Birth rate 'a' and 'b' A measure that reflects severity of an acute infectious disease Case fatality ratio Incidence rate Prevalence Mortality rate Study design(s) useful for describing uncommon clinical manifestations Case reports Case series Both 'a' and 'b' Ecological study Cross-sectional studies are used to Estimate prevalence Generate hypotheses Describe trends All of the above In a cross-sectional study, we can observe one or more outcomes True False Which one of the following is useful to measure the burden or magnitude of a disease or risk factor? Case-control study Cross-sectional study Case report Case series Which of the following is wrong about descriptive study designs? Describe the study outcome for 1 group Compare the study outcomes for 2 group Calculate the incidence for surveillance data Calculate prevalence for cross-sectional study Please fill in the comment box below. Time is Up! Time's up Share this:TweetLike this:Like Loading...
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